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1000 

CHINESE 
FOUNDATION  CHARACTERS 


BY 


Y.  C.  JAMES  YEN  and  DANIEL  C.  FU 


ROMANIZATION,  TRANSLATION 

and 

VOCABULARY 

BY 
WILLIAM  C.  WHITE 

BOOK  1 
(250  Characters) 


School  of  Chinese  Studies 

University  of  Toronto 

100  Queen's  Park 

1944 


^80^ 


to 


FOREWORD 

These  "Thousand  Foundation  Cliaractersnare 
those  selected  and  used  by  Dr.Y.C  .James  Yen* 
the  founder  and  national  director  of  the 
Mass  Educational  Movement  in  China. 

Many  millions  of  China1 s  illiterates  have 
learned  to  read  by  the  use  of  these  primers, 
and  they  have  been  found  remarkably  useful 
in  enabling  westerners  to  acquire  a  know- 
ledge of  written  Chinese.  The  lessons  are 
in  very  good  Kuo-yu»so  they  are  also  most 
suitable  for  those  desiring  knowledge  of 
the  spoken  language. 

Chinese  characters  are  essentially  basic , 
each  character  being  a  word ,  and  each  word 
being  monosyllabic.  Sometimes  two  charac- 
ters are  used  together, to  express  an  idea 
which  either  character  alone  might  not  do 
so  well.  They  are  oftentimes  pictograr 
phio, especially  in  their  archaic  forms  , 
and  the  more  complex  characters  are  usual- 
ly ideographic. 

In  Chinese  dictionaries  the  characters 
are  invariably  indexed  under  the  214  Rad- 
icals, which  are  arranged  according  to  the 
number  of  strokes  required  to  write  them. 

The  arrangement  of  characters  under  these 
radicals  is  also  according  to  number  of 
writing  strokes, but  not  counting  the  rad- 
ical strokes. 

The  characters  in  Chinese  literature  are 
usually  arranged  in  vertical  columns, and 
are  read  from  top  to  bottom  beginning  from 
the  right. 

Apart  from  its  formfwhich  includes  its 
indexing  radical, each  character  has  its 
meaning tits  sound, its  tone  number, and  its 
syntactic  usage. 


For  the  convenience  of  westerners, sounds 
of  the  Chinese  characters  are  expressed 
by  the  English  alphabet  in  what  is  known 
as  Romanization*  There  are  many  systems 
of  Romanization,but  no  one  has  been  found 
adequately  to  cover  the  various  and  vary- 
ing sounds  of  the  Chinese  language, and  all 
have  serious  limitations  to  universal  or 
common  use.   The  system  used  in  these 
lessons  is  that  known  as  Wade's  Romaniz- 
ation,and  is  that  invariably  used  in  dic- 
tionaries, and  in  diplomatic  and  commercial 
usage.  While  it  may  appear  to  be  a  system 
of  inept  phonetic  spellings  of  Chinese 
words, yet  by  use  and  familiarity  it  is 
found  to  be  a  very  useful  and  workable 
system. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  more  im- 
portant sound  values  of  the  English  let- 
ters in  this  system: 
Vowels 

a  as  in  father;  e  as  in  fed,  and  e  as  u  in  us  J 
I  as  long  e,and  also  as  i  in  with, and  when 
standing  alone  may  be  written  yl. 
o  as  in  moan,u  as  in  rule;u  as  oo,and  when 
standing  alone  may  be  written  y5Ttt  as  in 
nut. 

Consonants 

J,  as  r  in  run;kf  as  k,and  k  approximates  g; 

p'  as  Ef5^  £  approximates  b;tf  as  t,and 


t  approximates  d. 


Diphthongs 

ai   as  in  aisle ;ao  as  ow  in  how;ei   as  in 

deign; iu  as  eu  in  feudjou  as  in  soul. 

(Continued  on  last  leaf  of  this  book) 


LSSSOIT     1 

5 

m    b 

^ 

— 

A 

A     A 

A 

A 

+ 

A     * 

© 

; 

# 

4.    ^ 

^ 

* 

• 

>                   1 

1 

9 

Yi  Jen 

erh  shou,erh  j< 

sn  szu 

shou, 

san  jen 

liu  shou,szu  $( 

en  pa 

shout 

wu  Jen  i 

shih  shou. 

A  man 

[has)   two  hands 

ftwo  men  (have) 

four  handsf  three  men(have)six  hands, 

four  men  (have)  eight  hands»five  men 

(have) ten  hands. 

1 

VOCABULARY     1 


216/1 

/v 

226/9 


125/7 
458/64 


Yl(i)1 
one  9  a 


JEN 


nan, 
person 

SRH4 
two 

SHOU3 
hand 

SZU4 


IE}       four 
481/31 


SAH 
three 
428/1 

%^  LITJ4 

^  *     six 
315/12 

A/A 

^     ^     eight 

373/12 
—     WU3 

_/>7L    five 
607/7 


450/24 


SHUT 

ten, 
complete 


VOCABULARY     2 

2£l    hsi1 

l*P^r       west, 
1                                    foreign 
158/146 

**         CHIU3 

^  ^*  nine, deep 
84/5 

>           KUA1 
/^*^    melon 
263/97 

%                        3,4 

XJL       KUNG 

~S   \     altogether, 
to  give;"bov/ 
279/12 

.       «.x« 

*^^W       seven 
37/1 

*^V         KU1TG1 

4^      public,  just; 

duke  ;male 
277/12 

llfij    individual; 
classifier 

251/9 

^V         PEN1 

Si       to  divide, 

distinguish; 
office,  share 

134/18 

-^^^  also, and, 

again 
639/29 

J*         MEI3 

""^ST    each,  every 
334/80 

- 

3 

I3SS01T      2 


A   A   - 
+ 


x  x  m 

A  A  1 


a  &  m  m  m  -t 

ffi  &  M    '     '    m 


Hsi-kua  ch'i-kotyu  pa-kofyu  chiu-ko, 
kung  erh-shih-szu  ko. 
San  Jen  kung  fen,mei  Jen  pa-ko» 

(There  were) water-melons  seven  pieces  $ 
also   eight  pieces, also  nine  pieces, 
(making) altogether  twenty-four  pieces • 

Three  men  evenly  divided( them) , each 
man  obtaining  eight  pieces. 


LESSOR     3 

# 

n  x  % 

w? 

» 

-tfv 

n  %  - 

— 

A 

# 

#  ji/  m 

5Z 

Mj 

ft 

'  %  % 

* 

% 

# 

*  - 

5 

• 

• 

• 

Yi  Jen  hsieh  tzu.  Hsieh  yi  t1 

ien  tzu, 

hsieh  yi  ti  tzu,yu  hsieh 

shan 

tzu  shui 

tzu.     Szu  ko  tzu,tou  hsieh-te  hen  hao« 

A  man  wrote  characters. 

He  wrote  a 

heaven1  character, he  wrote  an1 

earth1 

character, 

(and)   also  wrote  fmountainf 

character  ( 

and) f water1  character. 

The  four 

characters , (were) all  written 

very  well. 

5 

/ 

VOCABULARY     3 
HSIEH3  t» 


\**\J    to  -write         ^J^  water, fluid 
175/40  467/85 


* 


~         T'lEN1  +0 

<S\±.   heaven, sky;  ^~^J 
d  av i natural  ▼ 


|^     TZtJ4  lj£  TOU(tu)1 

^J      written  word;  *^^l  f^1' 

a  name, style  tne  whole 
586/39                              533/163 


Tfi 


to  get, 
dayinatural  >f  attain 

523/37  505/60 

TI4  #^         HEN  3 


•^W-J  the  earth,       1*^ 


very, 
position  exceedingly 

511/32  153/60 


w  ■    f  mountain,        ^*>r 


HAOM 


good, well; 
hill;wild  very 

434/46  150/38 


6 


41/40 

M 

638/74 


VOCABULARY  4 


family; class; 
people 

YU3 

to  have 


* 


3 


male  %  man  $ 
son 

354/102 

±j  ti' 

ftC-*     particle: 
"V  adjectival, 
^  adveroial, 
possessive 
509/106 

HU3 


•* 


369/38 


woman, 
female 


old;very; 
skilled 
289/125 

ESIAO3 
•  small, petty 


J 


X71/42 

j^^     T  ♦TJIRJ  * 

1 1^1     with;  all; 

together 


581/30 


CH'IH1 
to  eat; 
*T±     suffer; 
^^     steamer 


71/30 
129/184 


FAIT 

cooked  rice, 
food 


LESSOU     4 


—  #  #  #  #  — 

is]  *  #  *  js  * 

ȣ    ft  #7  #7  #7  A 

'      '  '  '  A 


Yi  chia  pa  Jen,yu  nan~ti,yu  nii-ti, 
yu  lao-ti,yu  hsiao-ti,- 
yi-t'ung  ch'ih-fan. 

In  a  family  of  eight  persons, there 
were  male, there  were  female, there 
were  old, and  there  were  young, - 
and  in  one  group( together) they  ate 
their  food. 


8 


LESSQH      5 


*   ft   J   *—   * 

A  #7  #j  &  if  n 

W  -  [SI 


*  **  ^  *  #-  £ 


ITiu  ma  t'ung  tBou,yi  ch'ien  yi  hou. 
HBiao-hai  wen  lao-Jen: 

"Ch!ien-ti  shih  niu  ma? 

Hou-ti  shih  ma  ma?" 
Lao- Jen  shuo  "Shih". 


An  oac  and  a  horse  together  walked* 
one  in  front  and  one  behind. 
A  small  hoy  asked  the  old  man: 

"I 6  the  front  one  an  ox? 
Is  the  hinder  one  a  horse?" 
The  old  man  said  "Yes". 


4 

365/93 
**V   ah< 


VOCABULARY     5 
NIU*  J    Win  * 

an  ox 


horse 


n 

603/30 


to  ask, 
problem 

SHUO1 


326/187 


y&r^jto  speak  , 
scold, talk 
469/149 


A>_    tsou  *  ~2^T  calJJSS  * 

^"^^to  walk, go,        M>|    "before, 


555/156 


in  front 


MA. 


64/18 

^    SHIH4 


*  >J  interrogative  .A^^    to  be, yes, 
partiole  thus 

326/30  453/72 


HAI 


5^  child, hoy 


M»      HOU* 
^^fc.  behind, 


145/39 


157/40 


after 


10 


VOCABULARY  6 


X 


SHAJJG 


3,4 


TU2'4 


above; go  up:  X*B\      to  read, 
upon;  superior   ^*   study 
438/1  567/149 


176/10 

± 

445/100 


HSIEH 

first, before, 
ancient 


SHU 

book, letter, 
to  write 


SHENG 

to  beget, 
grow,  life 

CHIAO  *'4 
to  teach; 
doctrines 


50/66 


HSUEH(hsiao)2 


194/39 


to  learn, 
education 


11 


LESSON     6 


if 


0 


*  *  A 


w^      w^c      Pi 


•  9 


Hsien-sheng  chiao   shufhsueh-sheng 
tu-shu.     Chiao  yi  k'o^tu  yi  kfo. 

Yi  JIh  cMao  yi  k'o, 
pai  jih  tu  pai  k!o. 


A  teacher  teaches  books » a  scholar 
reads  "books.  He  teaches  a  lesson, 
and  he  reads  a  lesson. 

In  one  day  he  would  teach  one  lesson, 
(and  he) in  a  hundred  days  v/ould  read 
a  hundred  lessons* 


12 


LESSON     7 

# H 

*  n  m  m 

#  *  5  *  *  4> 


3E  * 


«9   £ 


J£ 


San  ko  hsiao-hai-erhf 
yi  ko  kfu,yi  ko  hsiaof 
yi  ko  pu-kfu  pu-hsiao« 

Ko  yu  ko  ti  shen-chfi, 
chen- cheng  hao  kfan  I 


There  were  three  small  boys, 
one  was  crying  9  one  was  laughing  $ 
and  one  neither  cried  nor  laughed • 

Bach  having  hie  own  disposition* 
really  was  interesting(good)   to  see   i 


13 


VOCABULARY     7 


2  '  A        2 

SKEH 


£*      ERH"  ^  •       SHBUr  " 

X  V^  infant ,"boy,  ^T'r*    Deity; spirit; 

son  '       very 

124/10  444/H3 

-*|^    K'U  ^       CH'I  4 

^^^  to  weep, cry  £f£\.    air;force; 

-^  ^  »'f*li      temper 

262/30  40/84 

jrAr  hsiao4  £l 

^^^  to  laugh,  ""/% 

glad  '  * 

172/118  24/109 

*        negative, not  ^1 ■    >     correct 

421/1  28/77 

Z>       K0(ke)«  ^^     K'AN1'4 

'vJi       each, every,  ^§1    to  look  at, see; 

all  "7*       look  after 

251/30  241/109 


A^T    HSIAO  4  jfe       CHEW  ' 

genuine; truly 


A         1.4 

CHENG   ' 


14 


VOCABULARY     8 

i[^     CHfING  1 

pi       green, "blue, 

*  *        "black 
82/174 

g&sHui' 

*lZXm      to  sleep 
468/109 

Ag       TS'AO3 

•  |          grass, 

*            careless 
547/140 

*K     FEI  * 

^|  f**  negative, not 
132/175 

sSt£t  chi  ' 

A   CH'AKG  2 

J|#     frequent , 
'          constant 
17/50 

~ySf~  fowl, 

chicken 
31/172 

ik  oho' 

■V^f     pig»ewine 

f^f      oneself , from 

93/94 

585/132 

255/94 

til  ^ 

\jt/      fromjorigin; 

follow 
636/102 

15 

r 

LESSOF     8 


&   >£   M  7t   #  # 

#  *  #1  m  #  * 
t  m  i#  ^  *  % 


Ch'ing  ts'ao  ti-shang, 
yu  chi  yu  chu  yu  kou. 

Tsou-ti  tsou,shui-ti   shui, 
ch'ih-ts'ao-ti  chfih-tsTao,- 
tou  fei-chfang  tzu-yu« 


On  the  green  grassy  earth, there  were 
fowls  and  pigs  and  dogs. 

Those  that  walked  were  walking, those 
that  slept  were  sleeping, and  those 
that  ate  grass  were  eating  grass, -all 
in  a  state  of  unusual  contentment  • 


16 


LSSS01T     9 

*   -&   &  £ 

te  •  *  #  *  «  # 

X  ^  *  *  IB  BH 

*  =   *t  #  T  T 

ia  %  ft  Hi  l  ' 


Hung-hua  k'ai-liao    i 
Pai-hua  kfai-liao   i 
Hunc-hua  tsai  ts'un  neiw 
Pai-hua  tsai  tsfun  pel. 
Nlen-nien  erh  snn  yiieh, 
hua  hung  yu  hua  pai# 


The  red  flowers  are  open   t 

The  white  flowers  are  open   I 
The  red  flowers  are  on  the  south  of 

the  village. 
The  white  flowers  are  on  the  north 

of  the  village^ 
Year  *by  year  in  the  second  and 

third  months, there  are  flowers 

that  are  red»and  flowers  that 

are  white* 


17 


VOCABULARY     9 

Pb          HUNG2 
%%WJ*    red 

%     %      TS'UN  ' 
^\  %J     village 

212/120 

562/75 

J^A       HUA1 

*t*  ^  flower ;vioe; 

to   spend 
200/140 

JUw     BAN2 
;      *  ?>r     south 
355/24 

\  9\ J     to  open 

It"' 

^^  V»    north 

236/169 

391/21 

*>      LIAO8 

V       finished, 
past, over 
303/6 

>JC       NIEN  2 
year,  age 
362/51 

^•^v      white 

£|      YUEH  4 
/\|     noon, month 

417/106                                654/74 

k         TSAI * 

A^_      at,  in;  living 
538/32 

, 

18 

* 


VOCABULARY     10 
HSIN  '  %  YEH 


aL 


new, fresh        ^m^  also, and 
182/69  620/5 


f'J 


TAD  «#       KUA1T 


to  reach,  1&Lr^  glad, happy 
arrive  "        ^ 

500/18  203/76 

*     3rou  **Cr       t0  rejoice, 
360/9  16V30  JOy'8lad 


"7\   congratulate    JT*  * 


JE(jo)* 
hot, to  heat 
156/154  229/86 

«^^|   I, myself  MP  J    bustle, noise, 

.    ,  ^  disturb, so old 

370/62  357/lgi 


19 


LSSS01T  10 


'4s 


m  a 

&  a  %   &  %■ 

%  m 


#  *• 


* 


Hsin-nien  tao-liao   I 
Ni   shuo  ho-nien,wo  yeh  shuo 
ho-nien. 
Jen- J  en  huan-huan  hsi-hsi, 
clua-chia  je-Je  nao-nao# 


The  Few  Year  has  come   1 

You  say   'Greetings  of  the  Year1 $ 
and  I   also  say  'Greetings  of  the 
Year1. 

People  are  joyful  and  happy, 
families  are  excited  and  "busy. 


20 


L3SS01T  11 

X  ft  %  & 

*  Sk  fe  &  # 

t*  %  it  s  ±.  4 

Mr  %  ft 


Yi  ch'un  hsiao-hai-erh, 
tsai  ch'ang-shang  ta-ch'iu, 

Tung  ch'i  hsi  lof 
nan  chfi  pei  lo. 

Yu  t*iao  yu  hsiao* 
chen  shih  k'uai-lo* 


A  group  of  snail  "boys,  (vreie) 
on  the  courtyard  playing  ball* 

It  ascended  in  the  east  and 
cane  down  in  the  westf 
it  ascended  in  the  south  and  came 
down  in  the  north* 

They  were  Jumping  and  laughing ,  and 
truly  they  were  happy* 


21 


V0CA3TTLAKT      11 


CH'UN  2  Xjm      CH'I  3 


M. 


group ,gang,  ^^^^  arise, to  rise, 
flock  begin 

124/123  40/156 


& 


£   CH'IU  2       *ZZ      L0  4 


"ball, globe   ,rv»   to  fall, drop 

86/96  316/140 

^J    level  area,  ^7\J   to  jump, dance 
arena, field 

18/32  518/157 

rfc-r™3  bb-  K'UAI< 

wj     to  strike  I7\  quickjhappyj 

sharp} soon 

484/64  265/61 

^        TUHG*  ^^      LE(lo)4 

^^     East  ~?J>       Joy, 

.  to  rejoice 

578/75  291/75 


22 


VOCABULARY     12 

jf     HSIUNG  '                 y£f    CHUNG  I'4 

^l^  elder  brother      \        middle, midst 

188/10 

108/2 

jSy"    younger 

"             brother 
512/57 

A^L>  HSING  2 

•    J   to  walk, act, 
motion, deeds 
184/144 

jj*    TS°4 

^  >^  to  sit 

552/32 

Art   CH'UAN  * 
7jtf  boat 

tit"'1' 

v3f<J   to  ride 

horseback 
38/187 

~\      cliff, bank 

102/137 

4/46 

■*|     river 

Jfy    KEKGM 
^^^^,  still  more 

155/85 

247/73 

23 

LESS01T     12 


»^7    mt 


£  JtL  £  %  JL 

&  ft  %■  m  m  &  % 
#  #  ±  ,$  +  *&  - 


&  * 


4r    '    A 


tfc 


Hsiung-ti   erh  Jen; 
ti  tso  cli'uan^tsai  ho-chung  hsing; 
Tisiung  ch'i  raa,tsai   an-shang  tsou. 

Ch'uan  hsing-te  kfuai,ma  tsou-te 
keng  k'uai. 


Tliere  were  two  "brothers: 
tlxe  younger  sat  in  a  boat,which 
proceeded  along  the  middle  of  the 
river; the  elder  rode  a  horse f that 
walked  on  the  hank(of  the  river). 

The  "boat  proceeded  quickly, but  the 
horse  walked  still  more  quickly. 


24 


I3SS0H     13 


«  H  4SL  %  'j>  -  ffl  = 

&  &  IS  gA  ^  ^ 

sj    " 


San  ko  jenjt'ung-lu  ch!u-ch!u  mai 
ts'ai.     Yi  Jen  shuo: 
"VIo  mai  chi,ni  nai  yii,tfamai   jou". 

San  jen  lco  nai  ko~ti,hen  te-yi-ti 
hui-lai. 


Three  men  went  out  tocether  to  "buy 
food*       One  man  said: 

"I  will  "buy  fowl, you  will  buy  fish, 
and  he  will  hay  meat19* 

The  three  men  each  "bought  his 
separate  kind, and  very  v/ell   satisfied 
they  came  hack. 


25 


VOCABULARY"     13 

tfA      LU4                              »f        T'A1 

^\Jt     road,v/ay,path    f  \^  he, she, it, 

other 

319/157 

487/9 

|  f  A        CH'U  ' 

4*'  |        out, from 

|^*J    meat, flesh 

97/17 

231/130 

^          CH'U  4 
~^*\     to   leave, gc 

lfc»     Yl(i)4 
>»     A^y    thought, will. 

dismiss 

intention 

117/28 

220/61 

IS*  MAI  3 
^\     to  "buy, 

*~~Sf     to  return; 

purchase 

a  time 

327/154 

208/31            2 

%A     TS'AI4 
i*f      vegetables, 

*          LAI 

^^T^      to   cone; 
/^T^^     pluperfeot 

X!J^     food 

541/140 

284/9 

4*      ^2 

/£\     fish 

642/195 

. 

26 

VOCABULARY     14 


%% 


Av       CH'A2  "^Sr     HUA4 

tea  spoken  words 

8/140  201/149 


ft 


KUAN  '  KUO  2 


hot  el,  inn,      C2  country- 

shop 
268/184  280/31 


^        LI  llf 

^fi^,     inside, in,  *T^ 

•^  inner 

296/145  454/<5 


SHIH 
affair; to  serve 


to  m*nr+    HSIA 


^^   many, much,    |    below,  down, 
^     mostly  next 

529/36  164/1 


T 


WANG3 


^5^    to  talk,         >f  jt» 

converse  prooeed 

495/149  594/60 


27 


IESSOH 

14 

■ 

!&  $l  %  %  ^r 

K 

if) 

$ 

« 

« 

ft 

#  H           1 

* 

#  5^ 

IS 

^ 

#j 

M 

« 

# 

T 

V 

$ 

A 

i 

• 

» 

¥ 

& 

tt 

& 

0 


Cli'a-laian-litt'an-hua  ti   jen  hen  to. 
Yu  tfan  chia-sliih-tityu  fan  kuo- 
shih-ti»yu  tfan  t1  ien-hsia-shih-ti. 
Lai-lai  wang-v?ang  je-nao  te  lien. 


In  a  tea- shop,  the  people  v/ho  were 
talking  together  were  very  many. 

Some  T/ere  talking  of  family  affaire, 
some  of  national  affairs, and  others 
of  affairs  in  general.     The  coning 
and  going  were  exceedingly  hoisterous. 


28 


LESSOH     15 


+  n  £  «  it  m  * 

$*  &  #  m  ®  %  *t 

-I*  £  *  *  *  fi  t 

1  »  *  jli  W 


m 


ITung-ts'un  chung,yu  ts'ao-wu 
shu-chien.     Oh' i en-mien  shih  ho, 
hou-mien  sliih  shan.     Tso-yu  shih 
ko  chung  shu-nu.       Tfung-chia 
sheng-hao , shih-f en  k'uai-lo • 


In  a  farming  village, there  were  a 
few  thatched  cottages.     In  front 
there  was  a  river, and  at  the  back 
there  was  a  mountain.     To  the  left 
and  the  right  there  were  all  kinds 
of  trees.       The  life  of  a  farmer  is 
a  perfectly  happy  one. 


29 


VOCABULARY  15 

*-   YU4 


tig}     FUNG2  >-, 

v^^,  agriculture,    '^&   right  hand* 

w      *  farm, to  farm  to  honour 

368/161  639/30 

A        W  >£^    CHUNG  3' 4 

/$.      house, room       ^3r     seed;kind; 
~~  f-*»    to  sow 

605/44  109/115 


SHU  * 


# 


SHU 


number, a  few;  %|i*-J    tree 

to  count  ' 

463/66  463/75 

^|  CHIEN  J'4  JL    MU  * 

|pM  between,  ^^  wood,  tree 

^  to  separate 

58/169  350/75 


3Z^  MIEN  4         V£ 

*^*/  face,  surf  ace    TV? 


HUO2 


alive j to  live; 

* *„/,„,.  motion 

342/176  214/85 


A 


TSO  3 


left  hand, 
552/48 


30 


_:   I 

/&^ 

HUI  4 

y  %  HSIN   ' 
w  ^^    heart, mind; 

n 

meeting, 

to  meet 

centre 

209/73 

181/61 

7§Z» 

CHANG1 

extend; open 
"boast     S. 

JtfA)   T'ING   ! 
;  ^i»y»y  to  hear»ol>$y 

14/57 

527/128 

ii 

CHAW  4 
to   stand, 

X^J     present  part- 

stop 

iciple;  attain 

12/117 

19/109 

*, 

YEN3 

$Lts°4        1 

practice; 

to  do;make; 

] 

.ecture 

be  in  action 

625/85 

553/9 

i% 

JHIANG  3 
Lecture  9  tall 

•&£      SHENG    ' 
:f  ^T     soundfvoicej 

wcplain 

reputation 

45/149 

446/128 

#: 

MING  4 
jilence,oalB 

l                                                         1 

81/174 

33 

LESSON     16 

«5 

# 

±  «?  #  m  n 

1       '          * 

A$> 

%  &  m  #i  *f 

# 

n 

§k  jl  m  a  m 

* 

# 

&  ®  &  «  # 

• 

I 

T  f  4  1    ■ 

• 

Ts'un- chung  k1  ai-hui,tao-ti  Jen 
hen  to.     Yu  Ico  Chang  li3ien-sheng, 
chan  tsai   ehang-mien  yen- Chiang. 

T a- chi a  tso  tsai  hsia-mienfching- 
hsin  tf  ing-chaottou  pu  tso  sheng. 

In  a  village  a  meeting  was  convened* 
and  those  who  came  were  very  many. 

There  was  a  Mr. Chang  who   stood  above 
and  lectured.       The  audience  all  sat 
"below  quietly  listening! without  making 
a  sound. 

32 

LESSON     17 

£ 

ft 

*  J  £  §k  tt 

n      I 

Mi 

# 

0  A  *  W  « 

M        1 

% 

H 

ft  ■*  *  £  # 

>b         1 

• 

» 

*  1 

*  1 

- 

• 

t                                         1 

Szu 
clian- 
tsai 

ko  hsiao  hsiieh-eheng, 
ti  chan,tso-ti   tso, 
ts'ao  ti-shang  ch'ang  ko. 

"Ch'un  feng  ho, ch'un  jiih  nuan.                     1 
Ching-shen  shuang-k'uai,                                1 
Hsi-ch'i  oh'ung-man".                                      1 

There  v/ere  four  small  students, 
some  standing, some  sitting, on  the 
grassy  ground  singing  a  song. 

"The 
The 
Our 
Our 

spring  breeze  is  balmy, 
spring  sun  is  warm, 
spirits  are  cheerful, 
joy  is  full  measure". 

33 

*                                    I 

VOCABULARY  17 


18/30 
249/76 
107/72 
136/182 

4* 


CH'AHG 

to   sing; 
call  out 


154/30 


song 

ch'un  l 

spring 

FENG  ' 

wind, 
breeze 

HO2 

to  unite, 
in  harmony 


I.1&   HUAn3 

^»OC».  "warm, mi  Id 

368/72 
JjJ-  CHING1 

79/119 


essence, fine; 
vigor } smart 


SHUANG 

lively, 
cheerful 


CH'UNG 


467/89 

act  as 
110/10 

<%*f      MAN* 

3wj  fun 

entire 
329/85 


34 


& 


VOCABULARY  18 

tzu  3  Ail**  nien  4 

elder  sister   ^*  to  read, chant 


585/38  364/61 

■^^^  younger  J3*m   to  manage; 

sister  principles 

334/38  295/96 

>>A  TS'UNG  '  ^    PEN  3 

f^>h»  to  follow,  ^^3\te  root, source j 

from, since  ™         C.of  books; 

566/60  395/75       capital 


642/1C 

a  Journal,    ,/v  efficacy, 
report,  merit, 

387/32  requite      276/19  efficiency 


YUNG 

to  use;with,by 
499/32  642/101 


JL\m        HSIN 

I  ^      a  letter; 

trust  ;"beli  eve 
183/9 

35 


LESSON     18 


*  + ft  » 

A  fr  1i   1®   -fi 

*P  Jfl  &    $   jft 

a  #  %  it  m.  &  a 


Tzu-mei   san  jen, 
ts!ung  hstteh-tf ang-li  hui  chia. 

Yi  ko  k'an  paofyi  ko  hsieh  hsin, 
yi  ko  nien  ti-li  tu-pen. 

Shih-fen  yung-kung,chia-jen  tou 
huan-hsi. 


There  were  three  sisters(who)from 
school  had  returned  home.  One  was 
looking  at  the  newspaper , one  was 
writing  a  letter, and  one  was  reading 
a  geography  primer » 

They  were  perfectly  efficient, and 
the  members  of  the  family  were  all 
delighted. 


36 


LESSON     19 


«  •*  *»  #  ii  f  «  m 

%         ■         *  M  A 
T  '     *     ' 


Yi  ch'ing  tsao,yu  ko  hsiang-hsia 
jen,  Viao-liao  yi  tan  ts'aiftsai 
ehieh-shang  chiao  mai« 
Hao  to  jen,tou  chfu-lai  mai« 
Yi-hui-erhfChiu  pa  ts'ai  mai 
wan-liao. 


One  early  morning  $  there  was  a 
villager ,*ho  carried  a  load  of 
vegetablesi and  on  the  street  called 
them  for  sale.  A  good  many  persons, 
all  came  out  to  buy.  In  a  moment $ 
thereupon, they  had  taken  the  vegetables 
and  "bought  them  up  completely. 


37 


VOCABULARY  19 


▼  fj  pure, clear       J 


82/85 


-f 


TSAO  * 

early, soon i 
morning 


545/72 


#p 


166/163 


HSIANG 


village, 
country 


*t: 


IAD 


516/64 


oarryj 
guard  ;mix 


TAN 

2     load;Dear; 
"    to  carry 

492/64 
>1*     CHUH  ' 

?*J     a  street 

53/144 


50/30 


CHIAO 

to  call, let, 
command 


MAI 

to  sell 


328/154 


46 


PA 

grasp; handful; 
guard 


374/64 


*fc 


85/43 


CHIU  * 

towards;  then, 
at  onoe 


WAF' 

to  finish 


591/40 


38 


VOCABULARY     2< 

> 

86/115 

CH'IU  J 

autumn » 
harvest 

3L 

199/7 

HU   * 

mutual , 
dovetail 

457/66 
29/62 

SHOU   J 

to  receive* 
harvest 

CH'ENG  2 

to  complete 
perfect 

\  ^      HSIAUG  ' 

'^Pf   mutual, 

reciprocal 

167/109 
V.         CHIAO  ' 

,      JL      to  join, unite; 
-«^^^-  deliver 

47/8 

* 

338/119 

MI3 

hulled  rice 
millet 

204/64 

HUAH  4 

to   exchange  $ 
alter 

* 

254/40 

K'E(k'o)  * 

guest, 
passenger 

330/61 

MAJTG  ' 

e 

"busy,  haste 

39 

* 

LESSOH*     20 


x  m  Hk  *  -  #  # 

te  _h  *  #  *  ^  - 

x  £  >f  *  *  *  * 

&  *@  m  &  'b  $  %. 

tt  $  *  t  *  ft  * 


Yu  yi  nang-cMafchTiu-tfien 
shou-ch'eng  hen  hao,yi  chia 
ta-hsiao,tou  t'iao  mi  chfu  mai# 

Ts'ung  chia-chung  tao  kfe~ 
chfuan,lu-shang  hu-hsiang 
chiao-huan,yu  mang  yu  kfuai-huo. 


There  was  a  farming  family, whose 
autumn  harvest  was  very  good, and 
the  rthole  family  large  and  small, 
all  carried  the  rice  out  to  sell# 

Prom  the  home  until  reaching  the 
passenger  bo  at,  they  mutually 
interchanged(their  loads), and  were 
both  busy  and  cheerful. 


40 


. 


LESSON      21 


§l  #  #  m  m  m 

&  M  ji  *  ^  #  m 

&  m  &  &  m  9z  & 

%  ®  aj  %  ' 


Ch'ing-ming  hou,yeh-wai 
tfien~chfi  ho-nuan.     Hai-tzu-men 
ch'u-ch'u  fang-niujyu-hsieh  tsai 
shu-lin,yu-hsieh  tsai  tsfao-ti» 

T  0 o  -  chao  ch f  ang-ko ,  shih- 1  s  ai 
kao-hsing. 


After  the  Ching-ming  festival, in 
tlie  open  country  the  weather  is 
mild  and  warm.     The  children  go 
out  to  pasture  the  oxen; some  in 
the  woods, and  some  in  the  grassy- 
lands*     Thqy  sit  and  sing  ditties, 
and  certainly  are  in  high  spirits. 


41 


VOCAERILARY     21 

HSIBH 


*J  J    -bright;  \£m         a  little, 

understand  few 

344/72  173/7 

•^J      a  desert;       ^^^   forest , 
™     wild, rustic         *  grove 

620/166  309/75 


Al       WM  I®5    SHIH 

^  |     outside,  j^l      true; solid; 

foreign  *^*       in  reality 

590/36  453/40 

¥f^     TZtf  3  1^      KAO  ' 

J       child;seed;  |^T>    high;no"ble; 

noun- ending  ™*V      old 

584/39  243/189 

M(\    *&*  '  >£!%    HSIHG  t>4 

V    >|    sign  of  ~Y \    prosperibegin; 

plural  *     *       feelings 

335/9  184/154 

A/*^.  to  let  go, 

set  free 
132/66 

42 


VOCABULARY  22 


$) 


LIANG 


two, a  pair 


301/H 
►Jfcfc     T'lEH  3 

iron, metal 


519/167 


276/48 


t 


KUNG 

work;  time; 
duty 


TUI 


353/163 

4>  H°3 

yV  fire, 
214/86 

ft 

321/5 


that ,  there ; 
interrogation 


to  burn 


to  front; 
reply; a  pair 
573/41  399/S1 


%-J"      CHE  4 


*j& 


this »here 


nv 


LUAET 
confusion 

Pi' 

to  compare 

CHIA   * 
to  add  to 


22/162  42/19 

>  (fl  pilar ■ 

i^^  side, margin, 

edge j place 
408/162 

43 


WESSON     22 


>b  X  M  st  #  S3 

*«  #  #  it  4  £  1H 

#  _t  a  tr  tr  *  $ 

*r  '  T  T  ft    ' 


Liang  ko  t'ieh-kungjchan  teai 
tui-mien  ta-tfieh«  Che-pi  en  ta 
yi-hsia,na~pien  ta  yi-hsia. 

Huo  hua  luan  fang, pi  shu-shang-ti 
hung  hua,keng  chia  hao  k'an. 


There  were  tv/o  "blacksmiths, 
standing  opposite  each  other  heating 
the  iron.  This  side  struck  a  hlow, 
that  side  struck  a  blow* 

The  fiery  flowers  hurst  in  wild 
confusion,  (and) compared  to  the  red 
flowers  of  the  tree, they  were  still 
more  "beautiful  to  see# 


44 


3z  lb  ft  $  %  **  1 

a  *  $,  •  m  &  l 

ft  &  $  mxm  A  » 

+   #  &  *  ±  #  :  » 

_h  fc  «  tl 


jSSt     e.   l&    -^  — ' 

*  -  #  *  H 

•  tiL  '  «  * 

Fu-mu-ch1  in  ta-jen: 

Erh  ch'ien-t'ien  tao  hsiieh-t'ang, 
yi-lu  p'ing-an.   Chin-t'ien  shang-kTo, 
hsien-sheng  hen  ho-chfi,tfung  hsiieh- 
men  yeh  hen  hao,hsin-li  fei-ch'ang 
k'uai-huo.  Wang  erh-wei  ta-jen, 
hao-hao  pao-yang  v/ei-yao. 
Erh,Ho-chung  Bhang*  Erh-ytieh  erh-jih 

Dear  parents, -great  persons: 

Your  son  the  day  "before  yesterday 
arrived  at  school, and  the  journey  was 
peaceful.  Today  I  started  lessone,the 
teacher  is  of  friendly  disposition, and 
my  classmates  also  are  very  fine, so  my 
heart  is  unusually  cheerful*  I  hope  you 
two  great  persona  will  very  carefully 
look  after  yourselves, for  this  is  im- 
portant. 

Your  son, Ho- chung, sends  this  up. 

The  2nd  .month,  the  2nd.  day  • 

45 


VOCABULARY  23 


3C 


>     FIT4 

father 

143/88 

CH'IIT  ' 

to  love, 
relative, 
77/147     self 


a 

599/9 

<£ 

386/9 


350/80 


415/51 


iro 

mother 

P'ING   2 

tranquil, 
even 


615/184 
596/87 


WEI  * 

seat; a  post; 
C.of  persons 

PAD3 

to  guard, 
protect 


YAHG 

to  nourish; 
bear; support 


WEI 


2,4 


to  do ;he ;make ; 
cause 


YAO 


quiet, rest;  ""5^   to  want; will; 
still  important 

3/40  618/146 

WANG  4 

to  look  at; 
expect 


595/74 


46 


VOCABULARY  24 

K»U 


4«L  J& 

'■JTV^  no, not  Xy       "bitter, 

*""^         weary 
606/86  262/140 

fff0HIA'         Aft*"0' 

•  y\    price, value     ***^  womb,mother 
43/9  389/130 


PAO  "  -MI>     SHIH  a 


% 


pr eci  ou a  V h\  knowl edge ; 

experience 
387/40  451/149 

|*     SHAO  M  £  CHIK  * 

f        few,aeldom,    S^**    wi  adorn, 

wanting  knowledge 


440/42  65/111 

^p   K'O(k'e)3  -*A^     CH'ING3 

-J      to  permit,  •*«      invite, 
may, can  *        pleaae 

253/30  83/149 

k  jb    list 2  -^-     ^Air 4 

iSi  to  pity  Stya      to  deairej 
»  ^  willing,  a  vow 

307/61  652/181 

47 


LESSON      24 


0  if  m  n 


Pi 

7T 


# 


'       #     £tl     4>       '       #  ' 

#  ■#  te  #  «  a*  it 

1  *  If  w  #  *  * 

#  *  *  ^  *  # 


Tu-shu  haof  tu-shu  haof 
Tu-te  shu  to  mi  chia  pao. 
Yuan  tu  shuftsai  nien  shaxu 
E'o-lien  to-shao  kfu  tfung-pfao, 
Wu-shih  wu-chih  mang  tao  lao« 
Ch'ing  wen  tu  shu  hao  pu  hao? 
Kaoi  Haol  Haoi 


To  read  is  goodfto  read  is  goodf 
To  read  much  is  a  priceless  thing. 
Ve  should  want  to  read  while  young • 
Alas t so  many  distressed  brothers , 
Toil  in  ignorance  until  old  age# 
I   ask  you  is  it  good  or  not  to  read? 
Good!  Goodi  Good! 


48 


(Continued  from  first  leaf  of  this  book) 

There  are  only  some  420  Romanized  words 
required  to  cover  all  the  sounds  of  Chin- 
ese characters  ,  so  that  where  many  differ- 
ent characters  hare  the  same  sound , it 
would  he  impossible  by  the  Romanization 
alone, to  know  which  particular  character 
was  intended i unless  that  character  was 
in  sight.  This  difficulty  is  met  to  some 
extent  "by  the  tonal  system. 

The  Mandarin  dialect ,  which  is  the  basis 
for  the  Kuo-yti  or  National  Language ,has 
four  tones,  anct  each  Chinese  character 
carries  one  of  these  four  tones, and  in 
some  cases  more  than  one, when  a  different 
meaning  or  use  is  indicated* 

The  respective  tones  for  the  characters 
are  the  same  all  over  China  wherever  the 
Mandarin  language  is  spoken, but  different 
localities  give  different  intonations  to 
the  tones.  These  differences  are  rapidly 
disappearing, due  to  the  spread  of  the  Nat- 
ional Language, which  is  producing  a  more 
universal  standard  of  pronunciation, inton- 
ation, and  syntactical  usage, and  bids  fair 
to  absorb  the  various  dialects  and  brogues 
of  the  country* 

Chinese  grammar, when  compared  "with  that 
of  Western  cognate  languages, is  conspicu- 
ous by  its  simplicity  and  its  elasticity. 

The  requirements  of  grammar  are  met  chief- 
ly by  means  of  a  definite  word  order, and 
also  by  a  few  much  used  auxiliary  words. 

Syntactic  and  idiomatic  use  of  words, 
rather  than  fixed  grammatical  rules, are 
essentials  for  logical  and  accurate  expres- 
sion of  ideas  in  the  Chinese  language. 


The  student  is  recommended  to  o"btain  a 
copy  of  CH.Fenn's  "Chinese-English 
Pocket-Dictionary" ,  and  endeavour  speedily 
to  acquire  facility  in  its  use. 

This  dictionary  gives  various  tables 
essential  to  the  study  of  Chinese , includ- 
ing the  list  of  the  214  Radicals. 

The  vocabulary  of  each  lesson  given  in 
these  texts  contains  the  new  characters 
first  met  with  in  the  particular  lesson. 

Under  each  character  in  the  vocabularies 
a  double  number  is  given , the  first  part 
of  which  is  the  page  in  Fenn's  dictionary 
where  the  character  may  be  found, and  the 
second  part  of  the  number  is  the  Radical 
number  under  which  the  character  is 
indexed. 

The  strokes  used  to  form  each  character 
are  always  written  in  a  particular  order 
and  the  student  should  learn  the  sequence 
and  follow  the  order  in  counting  the 
strokes  in  a  character, or  in  writing 
them. 

These  texts  do  not  show  the  order  of 
strokes, but  the  student  may  obtain  these 
from  copy-books  which  are  obtainable, and 
could  readily  insert  the  stroke  numbers 
on  the  large  characters  given  in  the 
vocabularies.